التوريث السياسي الديمقراطي وأثره على الاستقرار السياسي في العراق
Volume 13 , May 2025 , Pages 230-261
Authors
10.17656/jlps.10343
Keywords
Abstract
Political hereditary leadership is a political phenomenon that has been associated with governance since ancient times. All societies have experienced a specific type of political hereditary leadership, which may find justification within the social and cultural structure. The manifestations of hereditary leadership are clearly evident in monarchies, whether democratic or non-democratic. However, what is new about the phenomenon of political hereditary leadership is that it has spread to democratic republican regimes. This has raised questions about the extent to which hereditary leadership is compatible with the requirements of democracy, especially since this phenomenon has been present in most republics with established democracies and republican regimes with emerging democracies.
Here, the question arises: Do the foundations of democracy provide the basis for political hereditary leadership, or are those who pursue hereditary leadership exploiting the requirements of democracy to justify their continued rule? And does political hereditary leadership have a positive or negative impact on political stability? It is worth noting that Iraq, since its founding in 1921, has experienced several types of political succession. It first witnessed a monarchy based on inheritance, then, during the republican era, transitioned to another type of succession restricted to the military establishment, then to a family in the previous regime. After 2003, Iraq witnessed a multi-factor political succession, shaped by the foundations of consensual democracy, on the one hand, and the foundations of the new regime drafted by the United States for Iraq based on sectarianism and nationalism. This led to the weakening of constitutional institutions, while familial ties are deeply rooted in the Iraqi cultural fabric, with external regional and international support and backing. This negatively impacted political stability in Iraq, and limited control over economic, social, and cultural resources was limited to a majority living in a state of powerlessness and poverty.
Keywords: Political succession, democracy, republican systems, political stability
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- First online15 May 2025
- Published at15 May 2025
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