Volume 13 , May 2025 , Pages 475- 492
Karzan Izzat Hassan ; Karmand Mahmoud Abdullah
The federal state differs from the simple unitary state in that constitutional powers are distributed between the federal government and regional governments. Regional governments possess the three general authorities—legislative, executive, and judicial—alongside the three authorities held by the federal government. This creates governance bodies at both the federal and regional levels, each holding constitutionally distributed competencies. Such a system may give rise to legal and practical issues between the federal and regional levels of governance.
This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which regional governments participate in the federal government, focusing on their role in amending the federal constitution, in the legislative authority, and in the Supreme Federal Court, which serves as the authority for constitutional interpretation and resolving disputes between the two levels of governance.
Keywords: Constitution, Federalism, Regions, Participation, Supreme Federal Court, Federation Council.