العامل الشخصي في الواقعية الكلاسيكية الجديدة دراسة في شخص الرئيس الأفغاني (أشرف غني)
Volume 13 , Issue 2 , December 2025 , Pages 279-295
Authors
10.17656/jlps.10372
Keywords
Abstract
This paper examines the fall of the Afghan state through the analytical framework of neoclassical realism, emphasizing the prime role of leadership perceptions and local variables in shaping foreign policy outcomes. Focusing on the presidency of Ashraf Ghani (2014-2021), the study explores how his technocratic worldview, centralized management style, and limited elite cohesion have transformed international structural pressures into internal weaknesses. The collapse of Afghanistan was not only a result of external withdrawal but also a manifestation of leadership-led failures in perception, institutional capacity, and state-society relations. Thus, the Afghan case illustrates how neoclassical realism presents the structural factors and the role of the individual in guiding the state's behavior internally and externally.
Keywords: Neoclassical Realism, Afghanistan, President (Ashraf Ghani).
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- First online15 December 2025
- Published at15 December 2025
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