Between Partnership and Dependency: The Dynamics of Kurdistan Region–United States Relations

Volume 14 , Issue 1 , June 2026 , Pages 217-238

Authors

Zubir Rasool Ahmed 1

1 College of Political Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil

DOI logo 10.17656/jlps.10387

Keywords

Abstract

The relationship between the United States and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) has long been characterized by ambiguity and fluctuation. This study seeks to examine the nature and dynamics of this complex relationship by addressing two central questions: What type of relationship exists between the United States and the KRI? And does Washington pursue a distinct policy toward KRI? To explore these questions, the research employs the theoretical framework of Structural Realism, particularly John J. Mearsheimer’s concept of Offensive Realism, complemented by insights from the English School of international relations. While Offensive Realism helps explain the behavior of great powers such as the United States in pursuing strategic interests, the English School provides a lens through which to interpret the broader international community and the norms of international order.

The findings suggest that the United States does not maintain a coherent or direct policy toward the KRI. Rather, its engagement with Erbil has been contingent and instrumental shaped by broader strategic considerations and mediated through its relations with Baghdad and regional developments in the Levant and the Persian Gulf. Historically, U.S.–KRI interactions have been driven by shifting geopolitical contexts rather than enduring commitments. This study concludes that Washington’s approach toward Erbil remains governed by a realist logic—prioritizing the preservation of the regional nation-state system and stability of the international order over Kurdish aspirations for deeper bilateral relations or statehood.

 

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  • First online30 June 2026
  • Published at30 June 2026

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